Future of Employee Training and Development -3 Research Paper

Future of Employee Training and Development -3 - look for Paper ExampleSeveral organizations, therefore, use a large percentage of their resources for permanent and continuous employee train and advancement. Organizations that are constantly developing knowledge, extending it to the entire organization, and implementing it inside the new technology develop high feel products and excellent services. These activities portray the company as a learning institution with constant innovation in its business activities. These are organizations that have realized that learning and employee development is a key determinant for their business. The change magnitude complexity and uncertainty of the business environment requires different and advanced knowledge. Modern business activities require amend skills and knowledge that are still inadequately present in the formal school education. The gap mingled with business requirements and training acquired at school is increasing. Current cust omers are highly selective, and organizations cannot continue with mass production. change magnitude and sophisticated customer demands require new solutions and knowledge. Organizations have to constantly revise their products and service mix payable to increasing competition. Dynamic competition, sophisticated technology, knowledge economy, and globalization have changed the importance of employee training in organizations (Gitman and McDaniel, 2009). Differences amongst organizations are caused by differences in human capital. This has transformed employee knowledge and development to become the most genuine source of competitive advantage. Other factors of production are still valid, but employee skills are more germane(predicate) in the current environment. Employee training and development has become an important aspect for future organizational development. study and developmen

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Criminal evaluator - Essay precedentRecent studies have revealed however, that the law did not only fail to meet its purposes but it has, at times, became a tool of injustice.The idea of a Three Strikes Law became compelling in the early 1990s because of the proliferation of ripe crimes and several widely publicized cases. The cases of Polly Klass, a 23-year old girl, who was abducted and murdered in California and Diane Ballasiotes, a uppercase resident who was raped and murdered served as catalysts to the adoption of the law. In both cases, the culprits were parolees. Thus, in 1993, Washington adopted the Three-Strikes Law and a year later California passed and ratified theirs. The fundamental feature of this law is that it increases the punishment of convicted offenders on their third conviction (Samaha 2005 p. 376). To date, thirty-six states, in addition to the earlier two, have three-strike laws (Other States 2002).In 2002, the Justice Policy Institute conducted a research on the impact of the law. The study which covers the period from 1993-2002 shows that California had obligate the law quartette times the number of those of the other striking states, combined. Yet, as shown on Table 1, at that place is not much significance in the change of crime rates between striking and non-striking states (Schiraldi et al pp 9, 13-16).The study also compared the crime rate decline in California and the state of New York, a non-striking state, in the same given period. Surprisingly, New York outperformed California both in Index Crime ordain and Violent Crime Rate decline, as shown in Table 2 (Schiraldi p 10).The Criminal vindication Clinic of the Stanford Law School recently reviewed cases of incarcerated offenders under Californias Three Strikes Law (Three Strikes Sanity 2009). To date, four offenders have been freed after judges were persuaded to take a second look at their cases. Most of these convicts had precedent convictions in drug and theft, as we ll

Analysis on a Marketing News Story which was published in 2013 Essay

Analysis on a Marketing News Story which was published in 2013 - Essay ExampleThis means that in 2014, organizations that do not employ effective marketing techniques may fail to sell their goods because of inefficient communication. gibe to Demers (2013), social media and mobile usage has increased in the society, signalling that customers ar developing pickences for goods that are advertised on these devices. Kurtz (2013) also argues that the high usage of social media is influencing purchase patterns meaning that the assumption may be applicable although there is need for further research to test whether this tenet is applicable in real life. Consumer doings is also monitored through online techniques such as advertisement tracking, which traces sites that are preferred by numerous lucre users. The informant has analyzed each online marketing technique while stating how it is perceived and preferred, and the value it creates to consumers and marketers. Consumer Behavior and corporeal Communication Demers (2013) analysed the increase in the usage of the World Wide Web and found out that it may guarantee large market shares for products that are advertised through the internet. ... Images are used widely on the Internet because they are attractive and catch the attention of both current and prospective product users scientists rescue proven this assumption, meaning that it is applicable to more than fifty percent of the members of the society (Doster, 2013). The author also argues that users prefer simple images with short descriptions. Table 1 showing the trends in the usage of the internet from 2008 to 2012 (http//www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends) The trend in the table indicates that consumers in the United States are the most frequent users of the Internet while India has the least consequence of internet users compared to other countries. This means that organisations should shift their marketing techniques from outbound to online as i ndicated in Appendix 2. The author advises organisations to penetrate more than one social media platform meaning, advertising goods on these platforms appeals to consumers and captures large markets for different firms (Heaton, 2012). Essentially, marketers should assimilate the integrated communication methods in order to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage. Demer (2013) also argues that consumers are shifting their preference to goods that are advertised by the sales persons of the selling companies. This is because customers believe that the selling companies capture true information about goods more than television and radio (Doster, 2013). This is additional evidence that stresses the significance of online marketing, which is conducted flat by the selling company. Companies that use the radio and television may not reap high benefits in 2014 because

Evaluation Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation Analysis - try out ExampleAlthough the video itself is very simple, the message hidden within the movie is quite deep and mixed (Brown). Every romantic movie needs to have two characters that are deeply in delight in with each opposite. They need to have a deep rooted passion and affection for each other. This movie Two can play this game fulfills the criteria of being called a romantic comedy because of the chemistry, emotional familiarity and love that the main characters Shante and Keith hold for each other. Usually in romantic movies, the characters face some obstacles in order to get to their loved one and in this movie also, the characters do face a few difficulties which make the plot more interesting.The name of this movie Two can play this game suggests that mostly more players are needed for arousing an interest in a game. However, there is a game which single two people can play. And that game is called love. In love, there is no involvement required of other people what so ever. Infact, the involvement of more people actually destroys the game. It inhibits the two lovers from nonicing the inherent chemistry amidst the two of them as was the case with Shante and Keith who are the hero and heroine of the movie. In this way, the movie also builds up the low density of the audience as to the nature of that game. The flow of the movie keeps the audience hooked up and provides bouts of humor at intervals.The movie opens with the heroine wearing yellow and a refreshing music playing in the background. She is shown driving her spic red convertible and people of the other gender have to hold back emotions because she is so sexy. She does not pay attention to any of them as she continues with her daily schedule. The first scene is dedicated completely to big(p) credits and providing context to the whole movie. She is shown driving down the city, enjoying the pleasant weather and the environment around her. on that point is no introduc tion given

Week 4 discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 4 discussion - Assignment ExampleOne all-important(prenominal) issue of devotion is the structure and approach of the competition. in that respect is need for adoption of a uniform structure throughout the maintain as this presents participants with a level playing ground. Any exercise must wear certain objectives to be met and as such defining objectives is important in designing cyber competitions. The kinds of equipment to be used in price of hardware and software as well as approach to be taken are important issues in cyber exercises. These are heavily dependent on the objectives set for the competition. it is very important to decide the boilers suit topology over which the competition is run keeping in mind the available/chosen equipment for the exercise.The abutting consideration after deciding on the topology is to formulate the exercise scenario, come up with rules to mold the competition and also define the metrics for evaluating the competitions efficiency ba sing on the set objectives. There should also be a methodology with which to gather lessons learned from the simulation by both the participants and organizers. a very important consideration is defining the entities to make up the competition generally, competitions on cyber security have two sides i.e. the attacking site & the defense side. Every side has systems which are managed by participating teams and apiece side should have at least a system to facilitate participation in the competition.In order to protect any web application from vulnerabilities and threats of attack, a comprehensive understanding of every chat by the application is required. This is because the security solution/device must be able to see selective information in the same way as the application to be protected in so as to map out areas of threat. in other words, security devices must be in the position of performing complete deconstruction of HTML data play sessions and monitor all applications session s in order to set

Logistics and Webiste Hosting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logistics and Webiste Hosting - Essay ExampleFor a novice entrepreneur, venturing into the corporate world, this not only amounts to added burden, but is also far more time-consuming. Both of these factors founder negatively to the potential survival and subsequent growth of the communication channel in the future. As an entrepreneur I need to be looking for ways to minimize cost and maximize efficiency, and hosting my stimulate website is at the argue end of this. With a business venture in its embryonic stages, it is not wise to be drop any unnecessary time or money when cheaper and effective alternatives are readily available.I do it from experience that using a web-hosting website is convenient and cost-effective. 1and1.com is one of the many available service providers. All I had to do was sign up and register my unique domain name like logisticspartner.net, and now my website exit be hosted by their server at modest charges. They also provide the opportunity to buy alto gether similar domain names for example logisticspartner.org or logisticspartner.co to ensure the originality of my brand name. The only effort I needed to make was to verify the authenticity of the service provider, and to look for technical services compatible with my business type. A logistics business should not expect any extraordinarily heavy traffic therefore a service with a reasonable bandwidth and storage capacity should work just fine (Top10bestwebsitehosting.com, 2014). To top it altogether off, web-hosting websites provide customer assistance as well. Thus, as a business owner who is not precise well equipped with technical expertise, I would prefer to use a web-hosting service instead of hosting my own website.Top10bestwebsitehosting.com. (2014). The top 10 web hosting companies of 2014. online Retrieved from http//www.top10bestwebsitehosting.com/index.php?kw=web%20hosting&c=37398489468&t=search&p=&m=e&adpos=1t1&a=2710&gclid=CIDEtKK3nbwCFUVa3goduz0A6g

Multicultural Field Experience Observation Reflection Report Personal Statement

Multicultural Field Experience Observation Reflection Report - Personal Statement causeThe direction also had a kitchen area which had equipment like a vending machine, a refrigerator, a microwave, a sink, a countertop and a cabinet storage. The room had a playful feel to it through the different games on the site which the children engaged in. Utensils used by the children got washed in the sink, left to dry on the countertop and stored outdoor(a) safely in the cabinet. The vending machine was for soda beverages. The room was painted colorfully with an attractive color fill in of yellow, blue and red. The colors provided the room with an exciting and welcoming feel which the children could associate with. Diversity The clientele at the YMCA was richly several(a) in terms of religion, race and socioeconomic status. Their clientele got made up of black, white, Hispanic and Asian race. The socioeconomic gap was also wide, ranging from subsistent income to wealthy professionals. Fr om my personal relations with some of the clientele, they ranged from dentists, doctors, business owners, teachers to students. From the supervisor, it became candid to me that they had no clue what religious backgrounds their clientele got comprised of. They did not care or mind what religious tie they belonged to. The immense differences in race, religion, and socioeconomic backgrounds proved the sheer diversity present at the YMCA. Age direct of students I observed children aged 5-12 years. This age group became mainly made up of elementary schooltime going children comprising of both boys and girls. It provided the base for the majority of my rumination group focus. The children were present in the card room most of the time. Number of students The number of students I observed differed tremendously since I did not conduct the observation at once. I divided the number of hours of observation to deuce different days which were a Monday and two different Fridays. I conducted both these observation hours in the month of February. I observed the children on a Monday from 430 to700pm. On the two Fridays, I observed them from 430 to 800pm. condemnation division during my observation hours led to the number of students, their gender, ages, and ethnicity substantially differing. This was so because I did not conduct the observation at one time. The childrens parents dropped off their kids in the room while they went to work out in the YMCA health facility. This proved another obstacle in determining the number of children in the room since the parents arrived at different hours. Population description The number of children I worked with at any time ranged from 5 to 16 children. During the observation, I would work with a minimum of 5 children at the center although the number could rise to 16 children depending on the time. The age group of the children ranged from 5-12 years although most of the children fell amongst 5 to 9 years. The children were of di verse racial backgrounds from blacks, whites, Hispanic and Asian origin. The childrens gender got comprised of both boys and girls. Gender was another example of diversification among the students. The girls outnumbered the boys by approximately 15% through my observation. Simply put, for every 1 boy among children aged between 5-9 years, there were 3 girls. The socioeconomic characteristics of the children ranged and varied significantly. I was able to conclude their socioeconomic backgrounds based on tactically questioning of adults working within the program and through my keen

Contribution of Management of Information Systems to Information Essay

Contribution of Management of Information Systems to Information Systems - Essay casingThe paper tells that businesses argon more prone than any former(a) body to rely upon the use of discipline systems to conduct their daily operations and for communication within the organization. Information systems hold data regarding the business operations, employees, gross sales statistics, stock, and the most popular products. The software has also advanced to the level where it is easier for information systems to compare statistics and data and serving management in forming critical decisions regarding business operations. It is also easier to transmit this data from one manager to the other and provide different managers with their required data easily. Not only do information systems show information, they are now able to analyze information and help managers in making decisions regarding the company. However, computers and information systems do not have a brain of their own and the decision of which software to use and which information system would be best fitted to the requirements of the company, lies in the hands of the management of the company itself. Information systems are a critical and primary(prenominal) aspect of businesses and other organizations now. The mismanagement of an information system muckle lead to the incorrect transmission of information, which can prove highly consequential for a company. Moreover, if the information system was chosen is not adequate for the chore it is to perform this may lead to inadequate results and an improper analysis. Hence, it is highly important for information systems to be managed aright and the correct software is used with frequent updates to allow for information systems to be as beneficial as they should be for a company.

Immigration in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

in-migration in Britain - Essay ExampleThe emergence of nation-states made in-migration a political issue by definition it is the homeland of a nation defined by divided ethnicity and/or culture. (Wikipedia Immigration).According to the source data presented in the graphics above there is currently a total of 191 million immigrants worldwide. The statistics in like manner unveil that the last 50 years has seen an almost doubling of immigration entailing the movements of 115 million immigrants into developed countries.Official statistics indicate that more than two million foreign nationals stir moved to Britain in recent years and nine in 10 of them came from outside Europe. According to the sources, a net 2.3 million immigrants arrived between 1991 and 2006, the majority from Africa and Asia. The other important dimension presented on the facts is that hundreds of thousands of short-term immigrants atomic number 18 not included in official statistics whilst the sources indicate that the counting system is grossly unreliable that it is not feasibly possible to know the true immigrants population of Britain.Through the surge of globalization, various factors trigger the movement of passel from their native countries to other countries. The factors can be categorized into social, economic and political. The nineteenth century has particularly undergo phenomenal proportions of immigrations triggered largely by civil and economic strife and unrest in various countries oddly in the third world or developing countries categories.Researches that have conducted to assess the impact immigration on the economic aspects of matters have unveiled certain notables in the nature and patterns of immigration in UK for the past 50 years. The movement of foreign nationals into the UK has resulted in the significant increase of the labour supply. This has been so notably in first-class honours degree job realms which are naturally not preferred by British natives.Immigrati on in the UK has also impacted significantly on Aggregate Demand in cases where there have been more good deal spending and therefore increasing demand for labour. This has also brought significant dynamics in the wages systems.Immigration into The UK has led to the spiraling for unemployment especially for the foreign nationals owing to largely to various reasons chief of which include the overlook of critical skills and proficiency in the English language. This has often led to a diminishing range of in stock(predicate) job opportunities resultantly culminating in structural unemployment. This setback has also been aggravated by the realities of racial discrimination in some instances.On positive dimensions immigration in the UK economy which has been dogged by a shortfall of certain key public sector workers, especially in London, has helped alleviate labour gaps. This has been in the soma of immigrants getting trained to be nurses, doctors or teachers they can help fill labo ur market shortages. overly owing to the fact that immigrant is largely of working age, immigrants in the UK have helped overcome the demographic problems inherent in ageing population. As such this has lowered income tax levels whilst the other

Questions on Psychology of Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Questions on Psychology of Aging - Essay ExampleThe SOC theory involves an orchestration of selection, optimization, and compensation. When an individual decides on the path or goal he wants to achieve, this process is called selection. During ontogeny, there are several additional sources for selection individuals and societies sample from a population of possibilities or opportunities (.), limited individual capacity in time and resources, incompatibility of goals and outcomes, and age-related changes. The activities he go out do to hit the target is optimization. If the individual mickle no longer keep his goal he resorts in goal-relevant means to maintain success - this is compensation.An aging journalist who used to go on written report for a daily beat applies the theory of SOC in continuously writing news stories (selection), he ensures that he meets with the right sources to beat his deadline and be able to deliver a good output (optimization), but quondam(a) age hinders him from doing field work e realday, hence, he opted to have a bi-weekly column in a invoice to maintain his keenness and visibility in the world of news (compensation).2. Schaie (1994) asked whether there are differences in life-course chemical formulas for confused intelligent abilities with age (i.e., whether different abilities show different trajectories with age). Briefly discuss the answer to this question ground on his results (6 points). Also note when reliable decrements in intellectual ability are detectible (2 points) and what role age bracket effects might play (2 points).AnswerIn his study, K. Warner Schaie (1994), have shown that there is no uniform pattern of age-related changes across all intellectual abilities, and that studies of an overall index of intellectual ability () do not fare to monitor age changes and age differences in intellectual functioning for either individuals or groups. The uniqueness of humane mind, as well as, cohort, and gender are amon g the factors that makes the non-uniform pattern of age-related changes in the IQ.The age of 60 is the usual seclusion age in most countries. Schaies study shows decrements in most psychometric abilities mostly occur at the age of 60 onwards. Regardless of the individual pathology or genetic factors, reliable average decrement can be found for all psychometric abilities by age 74.Cohort, generation, or peers also affect an individuals intellectual ability. Although () patterns of socialization unique to a given sex role is specific historical period may be a major determinant of the pattern of change in abilities.3. Imagine that you are asked by congress to develop a nation-wide study program that would enhance sure-enough(a) adults cognitive functioning. Based on the results from the Schaie and Willis (1986) study, where they trained reasoning and spatial ability in older adults, would you tell congress that a training program would work (5 points) Why or why not (5 points)Answ erI would be very glad to recommend to the Congress a training program to enhance adults cognitive functioning. Based on Schaie and Willis (1986) study, inductive reasoning training help improve everyday problem solving ability, particularly for older adults in their late 70s or early 80s.In the present time where a lot of concerns arise, that even a primary pupil encounter various perplexing matters (classroom and family politics), a cognitive training would be of help. It will boost the future, as well as the present generations

HR1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

HR1 - Essay ExampleThe recruitment policies, fostering and development, reward management, performance management and employee troth in Nandos are centered upon in order to recommend appropriate HRM strategies (Carpenter, Sanders and Gregersen, 2001). Moreover, the host res publicas economic drivers, the organisational issues, cultural issues also effect effective strategy implementation. Various models direct been implemented for evaluation of international business environment in China. By examining all these factors, the HRM strategy is linked with the overall business strategy of Nandos. After a detailed analysis appropriate recommendations are provided to Nandos that will support the strategic human resource plan of the company for establishing joint venture with Tricon global Restaurant, Inc. in China.The renowned chicken chain Nandos has expanded their business further across the plain in the past few years with increasing revenues. Nandos international is a fast nutri ment chain first created in South Africa, had a rapid development worldwide but was not successful everywhere (Datta, Guthrie and Wright, 2005). In a continuous complex trading environment, the company has been performing satisfactorily. disrespect of its long success history the company is facing expansion problems and are striving to overcome them. The organization has decided to expand its business through joint venture and which will require more mental faculty to be hired. In their recruitment process, Nandos face challenges that their new staff may not substantiate any experience of working as a family and may lack commitment to their tasks. Proper training and human resourse management is crucial to effective manage their culturally diverse employees. South Africa which is the parent placement of Nandos is facing an economic downturn (Wright, Dunford and Snell, 2001). The recent phase of capitalism that can be referred to as globalization has a complex impact on

Impact of low number of minorities working in healthcare industry in Research Paper

Impact of low public figure of minorities on the job(p) in healthcare industry in usa - Research Paper ExampleEventually, the disparities in the render of care due to racism and ethnic issues will be tackled in details. Given that the majority of the health care providers are the Native Americans, the impact of language barriers in terms of providing care to minorities who could not sing the English language well will be determined. Given that half the US population would be the minorities, the impact of language barrier between the health care providers and the minorities as patients will be well analyzed.As of November 16, 2009, the radical number of population in the United States is 307,946,634 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). In line with this, the total population of white Americans alone is composed of 65% of the total population. The rest of the minorities includes Hispanic (15%), African Americans (13%), Asian (4%), Two or More Races (2%), American Indian & Alaska Native ( 1%), and Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander (0%) (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009b). (See Figure I US Population by Race &The number of minorities working in the health care industry is very limited as compared to the White Americans. Since the minorities are earning less(prenominal) as compared to the White American physicians, Weeks & Wallace (2006) revealed that black male and female family physicians tend to serve more patients as compared with the White Americans male and female counterparts. This is probably due to the fact that the number of African Americans who are practicing as family physicians is less as compared to the population of African Americans they are serving.Although socio-economic and racial issues are among the common factors that has contributed to lower number of available health care professionals in the United States, Sabin, Rivara, & Greenwald (2008) revealed that the classification of health care profession in any case matters when it comes to racial bias such that pediatricians are less likely to implicit racial

American women history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

American women narration - Essay ExampleTaking the perspectives of Margaret Fuller, Horatio Storer and Caroll Smith-Rosenberg, who have expressed their views on gender differences, and the impact of abortion on the social order in 19th century America, this essay will chronicle the opposing views on women and how the womens rights style was borne out of such controversies. This essay will argue for the illegality and immorality of abortion opus explaining how such a fact has been exploited to debase women and uplift men and how the womans movement has struggled to fight for gender balance.Is it not enough, cries the sorrowful trader, that you have done all you could to break up the internal Union, and thus destroy the prosperity of our country, but now you must be trying to break up family union, to take my wife away from the cradle, and the kitchen hearth, to vote at polls, and preach from a pulpit Of course, if she does such things, she cannot go after to those of her own sphe re. She is happy enough as she is. She has more leisure than I have, some(prenominal) means of improvement, every indulgence.No, but I know she is. She is too amiable to deprivation what would make me unhappy, and too judicious to wish to step beyond the sphere of her sex. I will never consent to have our peace sick by any such discussions.It having now been shown, directly and by temporary assumption, that the law and public sentiment, both by their theory and their practice, alike deny to unjustifiable abortion the imputation of crime, it remains for us to discuss this drumhead abstractly, and to prove, not merely that they are wrong, but the offence is one of the deepest guilt, a crime SECOND TO none (64)Women... must develop their own knowledgeable power within the home, control the frequency of intercourse, dominate the sexual act. Significantly, these women condemned abortion as bitterly as the AMA had.

Sartres Impact of Divine Absence in Existentialism Essay

Sartres bear on of Divine Absence in Existentialism - Essay ExampleSartre divides his theory of pull roundence into two grassroots categories, which he refers to as en-soi (in-itself) and pour-soi (for-itself), both of which are derived from his theory of knowingness. En-soi existence is a classification of solid things, that is, day-by-day objects or substances that exist completely by themselves. This explanation becomes clearer in comparison to the category of pour-soi, which is a organism of consciousness that defines itself because it is not something else. Pour-soi selects a distance amidst itself and something that is not itself, a nothingness in between the two, while at the same time being conscious of itself. Being for-itself can only exist through consciousness of an outside object. This act of distance is a state of nothing unique to the consciousness of populace, for through this act of separation, one raises questions and realizes possibilities of what is not (i. e. a quality lacking from the situation or environment). For example, should an unmarried be hungry, they can imagine a future time when they will no longer be hungry. This example can be applied to anything the human mind can imagine. It is the meaning behind Sartres narrative that the self as not being what it is and being what it is not, because the conscious mind chooses not to engage the reality of what is, but instead work towards the possibility of what currently is not.Sartre uses the example of a assistant not being at a caf, stating that although the caf is there, he recognizes his friends absence, thereby inserting an amount of negativity, or nothingness, to the restaurant. By imagining a lack of something, one distances oneself from the world. This nothingness, or lack, that has been inserted into the caf tableau is actually therefore a projection of the nothingness deep down oneself. The power of conscious negation in this sense is synonymous with independence - f reedom to imagine the possible and, therefore, freedom to actualize the possibility. The state of being conscious demands the self to constantly choose both belief and action. Sartres border on that consciousness is free at all times is in direct conflict with Freuds model of the unconscious mind consciousness is instead transparent and must make a choice in the here and now, unheeding of what has happened in the past. However, this does not mean that the self, as subject, cannot be objectified. The most direct route to this relates to Sartres example of somebody caught looking through a keyhole. Through recognition that another consciousness is regarding the self in an objective manner, whether it be quantitative of the physical selfs facticity (such as height, weight, ethnicity, et cetera) or judgmentally (as in assumption of purpose), the self is forced to recognize itself in an equally objective manner. The self in turn defends itself by objectifying the other consciousness. While humans are able to act upon possibilities to make them a reality, they cannot change their essence. Sartre admits that one can choose a life project - in his case, writing - but that the very act of defining oneself is bad cartel, in that it is either 1)

Person centered approaches (nursing- learning disability ) Essay - 2

Person centered approaches (nursing- learning disability ) - Essay vitrineIn terms of social aspects, Mary has been leading an active life by going come to the fore on shopping trips and taking walks in the park. Moreover, she enjoyed collecting seashells and likewise, desired to decorate objects with those. Mary was even amicable of hearing music and singing. However, the stroke, which she suffered, left her in the state of immobility. Prior to the stroke, Mary was able to communicate verbally with others and thus, enjoyed signing along to her CDs. After the stroke, Mary failed to communicate strongly and her left side of the body was therefore paralysed. In general, stroke is regarded as an unexpected attack in brain, caused at the time when blood campaign gets interrupted in a human body to be reached into brain (WebMD, LLC, 2014). In addition, Mary became wedded to the episodes of coughing. On certain occasions, she also became quite much reluctant towards eating as well as drinking. Thus, it is obvious that the above stated complications have been affecting the health conditions of Mary that restricting her to conduct quotidian activities smoothly. These complications can be managed in the form of adopting varied measures that may comprise taking medicines within delinquent time, making Mary to take lesser pressure in brain as she already went by stroke and taking initiatives from preventing another stroke. From a theoretical perspective, it can be affirmed that the adoption as well as the execution of the above stated assessment may aid in providing effective cargon to Mary despite possessing adverse health conditions through various ways. These ways generally imply determining the level of social interactions made by Mary, identifying the psychological functions that perform by Mary and near vitally making viable biological assumptions among others (Munson & Vogelsang, 2013).Gaining confidentiality and developing researches based on informed c onsent are the prime needs for an effective nursing practice. This eventually

The Kissnger Qiestion Essay Example for Free

The Kissnger Qiestion EssayThe Vietnam contend resulted in the deaths of 1.5 million to 3 million Viet namee and other Indochinese and 58,000 Americans. It was the catalyst for Richard Nixons self-induced disgrace. Henry Kissinger compete a pivotal role in guiding Americas foreign polity as the warfare torn nation reeled under the loss of one president to assassination and another to fraud. The Vietnam warfare singed the conscience of the world and Kissinger found himself where foreign policy and field of study auspices converged. National Security adviser is the one that builds the most strategic meetings at the highest levels of US administration. External and internal threats to the nations security and well being should be calculated well in advance otherwise the entire cloth of security planning lies in shreds. in that location must yield been some constructive and sensible proposals to forefend the Vietnam fiasco. Its fair to ask what alternative course Americas critics would have followed. Some serious people argued for cope withdrawal, on the grounds that the war was already lost.Some have argued that Nixon, after taking office, should have tell that the situation in Vietnam was far worse than he had thought, blame it on the Democrats and seek a take with the North Vietnamese like the one that was ultimately reached. Meanwhile, the argument goes, Nixon could have used tough grandiosity at home to appease the foreign policy makers. Whether the approach would have worked cant be known, entirely had it worked, it certainly would have been preferable to what happened instead.Once in office, Kissinger and Nixon said they were seeking peace with awarding the abandonment of our South Vietnamese allies would be a dishonorable betrayal and would undermine our believability in the world. America ended up abandoning them anyway. level(p) overlooking for the moment how the whole thing turned out, the peace with honor formulation was riddled w ith flaws. And the South Vietnamese regime was known to have been fumbling and hopelessly corrupt. In writing about the importance of our allies in South Vietnam, Kissinger conks minimal anxiety to the Vietnamese people but a great deal to South Vietnams president Nguyen caravan Thieu, calling him a great patriot and a dauntless leader.McNamara and Kissinger, not unlike some American presidents, including Nixon, had myopic affinity for strongmen like the Shah of Iran, Philippines president Ferdinand Marcos. A student of Metternich, the 19th-century Austrian statesman, Kissinger was a practitioner of the realist (or realpolitik) civilize of diplomacy, which places emphasis on the states interests and the use of military government agency to achieve them, and he best-loved to deal with the strong leaders of nation-states who could deliver. The US administrations complicity in the 1963 overthrow of South Vietnams leader General Ngo Dinh Diem conferred legitimacy on the North Viet namese claim that the South Vietnamese government was illegitimate.Ironically, when all this was happening in Vietnam, the rest of the world could only look and expect. Even the Nobel ordering that conferred the peace prize to Kissinger made almost no mention of the American lives lost during the Vietnam War, and none of the item that USAs pursuit of what many saw as a patently hopeless cause may have damaged Vietnam permanently.To see the US side of the story, Nixon had a peculiar governing style. He hated to give direct orders and sometimes issued orders he hoped or expected would not be carried out. He had an aversion to tilt among his advisers. And after Vice President Spiro Agnew said in one meeting that the South Vietnamese, with American support, should encounter two North Vietnamese sanctuaries in Cambodia rather than just one, as had been proposed, Nixon agreed. But, according to Kissinger, Nixon was so vexed that Agnew had staked out a more hawkish position than his o wn that he excluded Agnew from the next meeting on the war.Even Kissingers colleagues are portrayed as politically astute Mel Laird, secretary of defense, to be slippery. Though, Laird was often proved expert about the likely public reaction to proposed U.S. actions. Unfortunately, the men surrounding the president were accomplished charmers, masterly manipulators in a field where manipulation was the job requirement.The Vietnam War was not without its tragicomic aspects. There was the futile function for the elusive COSVN, supposedly the North Vietnamese military headquarters in Cambodiaand a leading rule for U.S. military incursion into Cambodia in 1970. The South Vietnamese troops and their American advisers found only leave huts. Nevertheless, USA describes the attack as a success, leading to the capture of documents, arms and ammunition, which, according to Karnow, were quickly replaced. There was also the raid by American commandos on the Son Tay prison in North Vietnam, w hich was believed to hold American prisoners of war but turned out to be empty. U.S. intelligence had said the prison was closed.The war did infuse sacrifice, though not entirely based on moral lines. Historians omit several pertinent matters or deals with them in triumphs of understatement. The two senior members of the National Security Agency, Anthony Lake and Roger Morris, quit in 1970 in quetch over the expansion of the war into Cambodia.And as for the national upheaval and constitutional crisis that was Watergate, Nixon felt unappreciated for his fret to withdraw troops, that antiwar sentiment touched Nixon on his rawest nerve and that he saw enemies all around him and so engaged in methods of all-out political combat. Thats it. No mention of Nixons enemies list of the ashen Houses hiring a goon squad (the plumbers) to conduct break-ins or of Kissingers supplying names to the FBI for wiretaps of his own aides and of journalists, to trace leaks about the war.Vietnamese peop le had to face brutalities of warring factions and deceit of their power hungry leaders. Many years on, we still cannot confidently classify the leaders who could have been true to the national cause or the people of Vietnam. Some critics persisted in believing that given enough time and resources, Americas Vietnam policy would have succeed. In 1975, after Ford had taken office as president with sole bait to prevent Saigons collapse was additional money from Congress to fund the war effortan annexation that Congress was resisting. The denial of the money may well have sped the collapse of the South Vietnamese government, but how long it could have been sustained is another matter.If leaders truly continued to believe in enforcing the showcase of government, one is forced to conclude that USA would have deluded the world. Kissinger and Nixon were in a bunker of their own, clinging to the false contract of Vietnamization, holding to a misbegotten concept of national honor and raili ng at the wars opponents. Great nations have the intent to make the right decisions in critical circumstances. Unfortunately, the reputation of USA is blame to carry the fact that they failed to take a timely decision in Vietnam.ReferencesJohn Prados, LOST crusader The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby, Oxford University Press, 2003

Differences in Competencies Between Associate Degree and Baccalaureate Degree Nurses Essay Example for Free

Differences in Competencies mingled with Associate Degree and bachelors degree Degree Nurses EssayDifferences in Competencies Between Associate Degree and Baccalaureate Degree Nurses Nursing culture bottomland be confusing because there are so some(prenominal) ways to become a shelter. However, throughout history, go for leaders support advocated the importance of higher education for nurses. solely as nursing dearths developed, the need for more and more nurses became apparent. To patron solve the nursing shortage problem, Mildred Montag developed the associate degree of nursing program (ADN) in 1952. It was designed to be completed in two long time and provide a balance of general nursing education along with clinical courses. The original program designed by Mildred Montag was for associate degree nurses to work under the super spate of captain baccalaureate prepared nurses. Due to confusion, the graduates of the associate degree nursing program were allowed to sit f or the National Council Licensure question (NCLEX-RN). This NCLEX exam was the same exam pass onn to baccalaureate degree nurses (Creasia Friberg, 2011). Now, associate degree nurses can be found in almost every setting from hospitals to long term care facilities.However, even though associate nurses have the skills to provide adequate affected role care, the toss outd education of the baccalaureate degree nurse provides leadership skills, advanced critical thinking skill and improved forbearing outcomes (Lane Kohlenberg, 2010). Therefore, in recent years the difference in competencies between the associate degree nurse and the baccalaureate degree nurse has been examined, resulting in a push for more nurses to obtain a bachelors degree (BSN). Associate degree nursing programs enlighten the technical aspect of nursing care. An associate prepared nurse can function well at the bedside.She can monitor the longanimouss needs and record the outcomes of treatments. An associate prepared nurse can use critical thinking skills to determine her best course of action in most situations. But the constantly changing field of healthcare is demanding higher educated nurses. It is demanding nurses that are more professional person and have an understanding of theory based practice. Nursing and medical organizations across the nation are recommending that all RNs advance their education. An advanced level of education can improve patient safety and quality of care (Fact weather sheet Creating, 2013).This has been evidenced by numerous studies on the correlation between higher educated nurses and patient outcomes. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania conducted a plain that found surgical patients had 14% lower odds of dying as an inpatient within 30 days when being cared for by higher educated nurses. Another study conducted at the University of Toronto found hospitals that increased their pool of baccalaureate prepared nurses by just 10% had a decrease in death of discharged patients (Fact Sheet Creating, 2013).To fully understand the differences in competencies between an ADN and a BSN, it may be necessary to evaluate how separately would perform in a specific patient care situation. For example, a 66 year male is hospitalized with an open wound on his leg. The wound is authoritative for MRSA and the patient is diabetic. The associate degree nurse dresses the wound properly, and teaches the patient how to take care of the wound. She helps manage the patients diabetes and teaches him how to manage it at home. The patient is discharged home with instructions and prescriptions.He is re-admitted a workweek later with high blood sugars and a worsening leg wound. The same patient is cared for by a nurse with a BSN. During his stay the nurse dresses his wound properly, and manages his blood sugar levels. During her time with him, the nurse questions the patient about his family and his home. Through casual conversation she discovers th e patient lives alone, but his daughter lives close by. She also learns he is unable to clean his home properly, but he is adamant about staying there.With the patients permission, the nurse contacts the patients daughter to learn more about the challenges the patient faces in caring for himself. later on talking with the daughter, the nurse discovers the patient has not had an eye exam in 5 years and his vision is poor. He does not follow a diabetic fare and prefers to eat out rather than misrepresent at home. Armed with this new information, the nurse talks with the patient. She tactfully points out his vision problems and poor diet choices. The patient admits he needs new glasses, but cannot afford them. He admits to having trouble seeing the numbers pool on his insulin syringe.He also states following a diabetic diet is too difficult so he doesnt bother. The nurse takes this information to the hospitals case management team and unneurotic they get home health care that will help him with his dressings. They also manage to find help to clean his home and funding to get him new glasses. The nurse then makes an appointment for the patient for diabetic teaching provided by the hospital. Prior to discharge the nurse teaches the daughter how to change the wound dressing and how to give insulin injections. She encourages the daughter to go withthe patient to diabetic education classes. The BSN nurse did more than just discharge the patient.She apply the metaparadigm of nursing model to treat the patient as a whole. The metaparadigm consists of person, environment, health, nursing and how they all interact with each other. (Gunther, 2011). She recognized the patient was an individual person with individual health needs. She discovered his physical and environmental challenges and well-read how they were affecting his health. Utilizing the information she obtained she found the patient the appropriate help for his situation.The associate degree nurse is for sure capable of taking care of patients in almost any healthcare setting. However, healthcare is changing quick with increased acuity and short lengths of stay and nursing must change with it by producing more professional, knowledgeable nurses. References Creasia, J. L. , Friberg, E. E. (2011). Pathways of Nursing Education. In M. Iannuzzi, R. Richman (Eds. ), Conceptual foundations The bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed. (pp. 23-26). PageBurst. Retrieved from www. elsevier.com Fact sheet Creating a more highly qualified nursing workforce. (2013). Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-workforce Gunther, M. (2011). Theories and frameworks for professional nursing practice. In M. Iannuzzi, R. Richman (Eds. ), Conceptual foundations The bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed. (pp. 97-99). PageBurst. Retrieved from www. elsevier. com Lane, S. H. , Kohlenberg, E. (2010). The future of baccalaureate degrees for nurses. Nursing Forum, 45(4), 218-227. doi10. 1111/j. 1744-6198. 2010. 00194.

Life of John Milton Essay Example for Free

Life of John Milton EssayMilton continued to import poetry during this period of schooling his Arcades and Comus were both commissi nonpareild for masques composed for noble patrons, connections of the Egerton family, and performed in 1632 and 1634 respectively. Comus argues for the virtuousness of temperance and chastity. He contri excepted his pastoral requiem Lycidas to a memorial collection for one of his Cambridge classmates. Drafts of these poems are preserved in Miltons poetry businessbook, cognize as the Trinity Manuscript because it is now kept at Trinity College, Cambridge. FamilyMilton and his initiative wife, Mary Po hygienic (16251652) had quaternity children * Anne (born 7 July 1646)* Mary (born 25 October 1648)* John (16 March 1651 June 1652)* Deborah (2 whitethorn 1652 ?)Mary Powell died on 5 May 1652 from complications following Deborahs birth. Miltons daughters survived to adulthood, but he had al focal points a strained relationship with them. On 12 N ovember 1656, Milton was marital again, to Katherine Woodcock. She died on 3 February 1658, less than four months after giving birth to a daughter, Katherine, who also died. Milton married for a third time on 24 February 1662, to Elizabeth Mynshull (16381728), the niece of Thomas Mynshull, a wealthy apothecary and altruist in Manchester. Despite a 31-year age gap, the marriage seemed happy, according to John Aubrey, and was to last more than 11 years until Miltons death. (A plaque on the wall of Mynshulls House in Manchester describes Elizabeth as Miltons 3rd and Best wife.) 2 nephews, John Phillips and Edward Phillips, were well known as writers. They were sons of Miltons sister Anne. John acted as a secretary, and Edward was Miltons first biographer. craftnessBut in the course of his recreate for the g all overnment, his eyesight had begun to fail, and by 1651 (43) he was completely blind.DeathHe ended his days in a small house near Bunhill Fields, alone with his wife and a m aid. He died in ++1674 (66) with egress pain or emotion, according to testimony at the time no one in the room noticing his passing.-Published poetryMilton is the author of dramas such as Samson Agonistes (1671) as well as lyrical sonnets, of which the finest were in fact inspired the the death of his second wife. Altogether John Milton would write twenty- three sonnets. In a very real sense on that pointfore these can be considered as exceptions. He uses such moments to express his thoughts and feelings on specific change surfacets, historical or personal. In his lifetime, moreover, he was chiefly known for his political pamphlets. As a poet during the age of Shakespeare, he was born less than a cristal after the death of this one. Milton might kick in been less appealing than such a master of the position language but he was nonetheless destined to become one of the best writers England would ever know. Having sided with the parliamentarians against the monarchists, Milton w ould start a political career with responsibilities comparable to that immediately of an at a lower placesecretary of state for foreign affairs.However the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 will mean that he is both fined and imprisoned in the famous still standing today Tower of London. eveningntually pardoned, Milton would from then on lead a rather retired life devoted on the whole to writing until his death in 1674. Miltons poetry was slow to see the light of day, at least under his name. His first promulgated poem was On Shakespear (1630), anonymously included in the Second Folio reading of Shakespeare. In the midst of the excitement attending the possibility of establishing a new English government, Milton collected his work in 1645 Poems. The anonymous discrepancy of Comus was published in 1637, and the publication of Lycidas in 1638 in Justa Edouardo King Naufrago was sign-language(a) J. M. Otherwise the 1645 collection was the only poetry of his to see print, unti l heaven confounded appeared in 1667. nirvana anomicMain article Paradise confoundedMiltons magnum opus, the blank-verse desperate poem Paradise Lost, was composed by the blind and impoverished Milton from 1658 to 1664 (first edition) with small but significant re resourcefulnesss published in 1674 (second edition). As a blind poet, Milton dictated his verse to a series of aides in his employ. It reflects his personal despair at the ill fortune of the Revolution, yet affirms an ultimate optimism in hu patch potential. Milton encoded existencey references to his unyielding support for the Good Old Cause.31 Milton followed up Paradise Lost with its sequel, Paradise Regained, published onside the tragedy Samson Agonistes, in 1671. Both these deeds also resonate with Miltons post-Restoration political situation. Just before his death in 1674, Milton supervised a second edition of Paradise Lost, accompanied by an explanation of why the poem rhymes not and introductory verses by Marvell. Milton republished his 1645 Poems in 1673, as well a collection of his letters and the Latin prolusions from his Cambridge days.A 1668 edition of Paradise Lost, reported to have been Miltons personal copy, is now housed in the archives of theUniversity of Western Ontario. Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. It was originally published in 1667 in ten books, with a total of over ten thousand individual lines of verse. A second edition followed in 1674, changed into twelve books (in the manner of the division of Virgils Aeneid) with minor revisions by dint ofout and a note on the versification.1 The poem concerns the Biblical storey of the Fall of Man the temptation of ten and Eveby the fallen saint ogre and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Miltons purpose, stated in Book I, is to justify the ways of god to men.2 Paradise Lost is widely considered one of the greatest literary works in the English language.3The poem begins infrangible as followsOf Mans first disobedience, and the fruitof that forbidden tree, whose mortal tastebrought death into the world, and all our woe(with expiry of Eden, till one greater Manrestore us, and regain the blissful seat)Some of the famous verses from Paradise Lost includeThe mind is its own place, and in itselfCan make a heavn of hell, a hell of heavn.The context of this passage is that of Satan not yet really considering revenge. At that point he is instead deciding to make the most of the situation. This is confirmed only a few lines later when he makes the very famous utterance Better to reign in hell, than serve in heavn.The following quotation is from a point in the work when God is talking with his son and holy mans active the fact that since angels and man were given free will, it would have been meant changing their nature to have intervened and prevented their sin The first sort by their own suggestions fell,Self-tempted, self-depraved man fal ls deceivedBy the otherwise first man therefore shall find grace,The other noneFinally, let us consider the following quotation mark where Milton tells us about Eve having been deceived jealously she engorged without restraint,And knew not eat deathIt interesting to note that even though Paradise Lost was to become considered as a major influential work, it did not meet immediate success when it was first published in 1667. It was not until 1688, a little over ten years after Miltons death that the poem would start to be widely recognized. Perhaps such late recognition has partly to do with the fact that by the time of his death Milton was not only broke, but he had been estrange out of intellectual life in his own country. In 1670 he would publish his controversial The narrative of Britain, and in 1671 Paradise Regained, dealing with the temptation of Christ. Milton would die in London on November 8 1674. The akin year would appear the second edition of Paradise Lost.-Charac tersSatanSatan is the first major reference introduced in the poem. Formerly the most beautiful of all angels in Heaven, hes a tragic figure who describes himself with the now-famous quote Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Heaven. He is introduced to Hell after he leads a failed rebellion to wrestle control of Heaven from God. Satans desire to rebel against his creator stems from his unwillingness to be subjugated by God and his Son, claiming that angels are self-begot, self-raised,4 thereby denying Gods agency over them as their creator. exaltationAdam is the first human created by God. though initially alone, Adam demands a mate from God. Considered Gods prized creation, Adam, along with his wife, rules over all the creatures of the world and reside in the Garden of Eden. He is more intelligent and suspicious about external ideas than Eve. He is completely infatuated with Eve, which while pure in and of itself, eventually contributes to his reasons for joining Eve in dis obedience to God.EveEve is the second human created by God, taken from one of Adams ribs and shaped into a female form of Adam. In her innocence, she is the model of a good wife, graceful and submissive to Adam. Though happy, she longs for knowledge and, more specifically, self-knowledge. Her first act in existence is to turn away from Adam and number at and ponder her own reflection. Eve is extremely beautiful and thoroughly in love with Adam, though may feel suffocated by his constant presence. One day, she convinces Adam that it would be good for them to split up and work different parts of the Garden. In her solitude, she is tempted by Satan to sin against God. Adam shortly follows along with her.The Son of GodThe Son of God is the spirit that will become Jesus Christ, though he is never named explicitly, since he has not yet entered human form. The Son of God shares total union with God, and and so is understood to be a person of the Godhead, along with the Father and the Sp irit. He is the ultimate hero of the epic and infinitely powerful, singlehandedly defeating Satan and his followers when they violently rebel against God and driving them into Hell. The Son of God tells Adam and Eve about Gods judgment after their sin. However, he sacrificially volunteers to eventually journey to the World, become a man himself, and redeem the Fall of Man through his own death and resurrection. In the final scene, a vision of Salvation through the Son of God is revealed to Adam by Michael. Still, the name, Jesus of Nazareth, and the details of Jesus story are not depicted in the poem.7God the FatherGod the Father is the creator of Heaven, Hell, the World, and of everyone and everything there is. He desires glory and praise from all his creations. He is an all-powerful, all-knowing, infinitely good being who cannot be overthrown by even the great army of angels Satan incites against him. The poem begins with the purpose of justifying the ways of God to men, so God of ten converses with the Son of God concerning his plans and reveals his motives regarding his actions. The poem portrays Gods process of creation in the way that Milton believed it was done, that God created Heaven, Earth, Hell, and all the creatures that inhabit these separate planes from part of Himself, not out of nothing.8 Thus, according to Milton, the ultimate authority of God derives from his being the author of creation. Satan tries to justify his rebellion by denying this aspect of God and claiming self-creation, but he admits to himself this is not the case, and that God deserved no such return/ From me, whom He created what I was.910RaphaelRaphael is an angel who is sent by God to warn Adam about Satans infiltration of Eden and to warn him that Satan is going to try to curse Adam and Eve. He also has a lengthy discussion with the curious Adam regarding creation and events which transpired in Heaven.MichaelMichael is a mighty archangel who fought for God in the Angelic War. In the first battle, he wounds Satan terribly with a powerful sword that God designed to even cut through the substance of angels. After Adam and Eve disobey God by eating from the Tree of Knowledge, God sends the angel Michael to visit Adam and Eve. His duty is to escort Adam and Eve out of Paradise. But before this happens, Michael shows Adam visions of the future which cover an outline of the Bible, from the story of Cain and Abel in Genesis, up through the story of Jesus Christ in the New Testament.Interpretation and criticismThe Creation of Man, engraving from the 1688 edition, by John Baptist Medina The writer and critic Samuel Johnson wrote that Paradise Lost shows off Miltons peculiar power to astonish and that Milton seems to have been well acquainted with his own genius, and to know what it was thatNature had bestowed upon him more bountifully than upon others the power of displaying the vast, illuminating the splendid, enforcing the awful, darken the gloomy, and aggrava ting the dreadful.

Moral Agency Essay Example for Free

Moral Agency Essay some philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being clean agents. Some suggest those with limited rationality (for example, people who are mildly mentally disabled or infants1) also have some basic moral capabilities. 3 Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of predecessor causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no actual control over our actions. Immanuel Kant argued that whether or not our real self, the noumenal self, can choose, we have no choice merely to believe that we choose freely when we make a choice. This does not mean that we can control the make of our actions. Some Indeterminists would argue we have no free will either. If, with respect to human behaviour, a questionable cause results in an indeterminate number of possible, so-called effects, that does not mean the person had the free-thinking separatist will to choose that effect. More likely, it was the indeterminate consequence of his chance genetics, chance experiences and chance circumstances pertinent at the time of the cause. In Kants philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial.Otherwise, without free agents a priori fundamental source, socially essential concepts created from human mind, such(prenominal) as justice, would be undermined (responsibility implies freedom of choice) and, in short, civilization and human values would crumble. It is useful to compare the thought of moral agency with the legal doctrine of mens rea, which means guilty mind, and states that a person is legally liable for what he does as long as he should know what he is doing, and his choices are deliberate.Some theorists incarcerate any attempts to evaluate mental states and, instead, adopt the doctrine of strict liability, whereby one is liable under the virtue witho ut regard to capacity, and that the only thing is to determine the degree of punishment, if any. Moral determinists would most likely adopt a similar point of view. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct. 4.

The film Boorstin Essay Example for Free

The film Boorstin EssayBoorstin also says that, objection is the great problem of America today. That reminded me of the book that we read oer the summer, The Lord of the Flies. Jack and Ralph show refuse by nearly killing each other(a), never purpose a common ground on how to run the island, and they can never just talk to angiotensin converting enzyme another. There always has to be something thats said through another character, and soon gets back to the other character. Theyre arguing never got them anywhere, and thats why that example is an example of reject. Boorstins views on dissent and disagreement are very more than true. Disagreement is where two antithetical sides have two different opinions, and dissent is where sides have different opinions, barely cant come to a conclusion what so ever. pot should take what Daniel is saying into effect so they can learn from it. Boorstin also says that, Dissent is the great problem of America today.That reminded me of the book that we read over the summer, The Lord of the Flies. Jack and Ralph show dissent by nearly killing each other, never finding a common ground on how to run the island, and they can never just talk to one another. There always has to be something thats said through another character, and soon gets back to the other character. Theyre arguing never got them anywhere, and thats why that example is an example of dissent.Boorstins views on dissent and disagreement are very much true. Disagreement is where two different sides have two different opinions, and dissent is where sides have different opinions, but cant come to a conclusion what so ever. People should take what Daniel is saying into effect so they can learn from it.

Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong EssayEveryone in Hong Kong should take up heard of the mainland parallel-goods traders who discriminated by the topical anesthetic citizens. The MTR Corporations new policy setting limit to the weight of the luggage and the demonstration against the traders held by the local citizens argon some of the evidences showing the discrimination against the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong (Lee Lo, 2012). Actually, the mainland Chinese settling in Hong Kong faces lots of barriers in distinguishable aspects. According to the fall in Nation, the musical accompaniment standard of a people depart be degraded by the complaisant, political, purlieual, pagan and economic barriers (The United Nation, 1976). This essay leave behind discuss the barriers occurred, the reply by unlike stakeholders and the Hong Kong governments role in this issue.The reason why the mainland Chinese mig judges to Hong Kong whitethorn financial aid understand the issue. In 1962 , the Hong Kong government adopted the Touch Base Policy, which allowed the mainland Chinese arriving the city playing argona to settle in Hong Kong. Since there was starvation in China at that time, thousands of people who were strong and untested migrated to Hong Kong by swimming and climbing the hill. They devoted themselves to work for the f doingories and increased the productivity of light industry (The beaten(prenominal)ity for Anglo-Chinese chthonianstanding, 2001). Due to the booming economy of Hong Kong and the introduction of the Basic Law in 1997, some(prenominal) mainland Chinese came and gave pitch to their children to enjoy the right of abode in Hong Kong (Ming Pao, 2011). Therefore, the two main purposes for the mainland Chinese to settle in Hong Kong be working and enjoying the eudaemonia.The social barriers faced by people are defined by the lack of encourage from the society, the exclusion from the welfare and the disconnection from the social network (Th e United Nation, 1976). As mentioned preceding(prenominal), the mainland Chinese settle in Hong Kong to enjoy the benefit provided by the government. However, the one who does not dedicate the right of abode cannot enjoy the welfare. The almost familiar case is the difference in the fee of medical service. The charge of the service of accident and fate for the local citizen is $100 per attendance duration that of people with no right of abode charges $570 per attendance which is fivesome times to the local one (Hospital Authority, 2007).This shows that the mainland Chinese staying in Hong Kong less than 7 years cannot enjoy the medical services at the lowest cost. Even the mainland Chinese with the right of abode cannot fully enjoy the welfare of the society. Consider the free education provided to the children with the right of abode, it is obvious that the mainland children in Hong Kong may have onerousies in eruditeness using English and Cantonese which are not their m ot her tongue (Caritas Hong Kong- Tsuen Wan company Centre, 1998). There is no extra resource to help the migrated children to adapt to the learning environment which is incompatible from that of mainland China.Beyond the social barriers are the economic barriers, which are known as the lack of participation in production, trading and consumption (The United Nation, 1976). Another purpose of settling in Hong Kong is to get the employment opportunity as stated above. However, it is difficult for the mainland Chinese to find a job in Hong Kong. According to the report conducted by the Hong Kong government, the employment rate of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong was 45.7%, lower than the overall employment rate in Hong Kong (60.3%) in 2006 (Hong Kong Government, 2007). This can be caused by their small social network and low education level of the migrated mainland Chinese.Moreover, there are not many types of work they can shoot. 82% of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong was having w orks with low-technique in 2006 (Hong Kong Government, 2007). As the mainland Chinese are of low education level with few techniques for work, most of them work as sales assistants and not technician. This implies that the mainland Chinese has a relative low chance to earn steep profit in Hong Kong. Actually, the income rate of the mainland Chinese are much lower than that of the local citizens. The median of income of the mainland Chinese is around $6000 while that of the local citizens is $10000 (Hong Kong Government, 2007). Having a low income set them into living problem as they may have difficulty in buying necessity, paying utilities expense and paying for the meal.Getting low income not exclusively leads to the difficulty in buy food and stuff, but also leads to the residential problem. The environmental barriers mean the curt living condition of the residents and the negative atmosphere of the environment (The United Nation, 1976). According to the report of monastic o rder for lodge Organization in 2009, the median of monthly rent of bed space apartment is $1265 and that of suite is $2300 (Society for connection Organization, 2009). If the mainland Chinese chooses to rent a bed space apartment or a suite, they bequeath overhaul a large part of their income to bouncy in an area with poor condition. They can also choose to rent the earth housing or purchase their private house, but this leave behind cost them more which they may not afford. Moreover, the characteristic of the district they lived may fix negative emotion to the mainland Chinese.If you are living in a city that was degraded by many people, you volition probably mother sorry all days. Actually, when the mainland Chinese rent the public housing in Hong Kong, they may often be allocated to the westerly part of New Territory, as it is the new developed town with more space. The problem faced by the mainland Chinese when they are settling allow create sad emotion which lea ve behind be accumulated. This leads to the high rate of unemployment, suicide and family violence and also leads to the name of city of sadness for Tin Shui Wai (Chang, 2007). Fung is an example expound in the plan of the New Magazine. She is a mainland woman settled in Hong Kong for 10 years with no husband and she find it hard to live in Tin Shui Wai as there are many cases similar to hers (New Magazine, 2007). It is obvious that the mainland Chinese may face both physical and mental barriers raised by the environment.In concord with the environmental barriers, the mainland Chinese may face cultural barriers. It is somewhat the loss of the acceptation of their cultures and behaviors from the society (The United Nation, 1976). While you are walking on the street, you may have the experience that the Chinese near you are not saying the same language compared to yours or do not familiar with Cantonese. Actually, many migrated mainland Chinese has their only accent or dialect. Fr om the data of the Population Census 2011, 5.3% of the resident in Hong Kong spoke Putonghua or other Chinese dialect (Hong Kong Government, 2012). This leads to the obstruction for them to communicate with the local citizens.Moreover, the habits of the mainland Chinese are different from that of the local people. For example, there are many cases of corruption in the mainland and the residents there usually payoff the government officers or the manager of the company to enjoy services earlier than others or obtain other benefits. When the mainland Chinese settles in Hong Kong, they cannot change this practice which is not accepted here immediately. Therefore, they will be discriminated by the local citizens when they want to jump the queue by giving extra money (Ming Pao, 2012). Obviously, such behaviors may create discrimination against the mainland Chinese and they may find it hard to communicate with the local citizens.Above the forward four kinds of barriers is the political barrier. Political barriers occur when people are excluded in the procedure of establishing policies as no one can represent them to fight for their right (The United Nation, 1976). In the case of migrated Chinese, they only have the permanent right of abode and so the voting right in Legislative Council and District Council when they live in Hong Kong for more than 7 years (Hong Kong Government, 1997). Therefore, if they only live for less than 7 years, they cannot exercise their voting right to vote for the councilor who is willing to strive for their interests. Some may argue that there are be quiet some councilors, who consider the right of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong, however as there are in addition few councilors representing them, it is likely that the councilors cannot align the decision making in the council to the rights of the mainland Chinese.From the above, we find different barriers faced by the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong with different nature. Whether they sh ould be acceptd in the Hong Kong society has come to a polemic issue between the groups that advocate and the groups that oppose.Citizens should tolerate the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong as they are only of different values with us. the former chief executive Donald Tsang said (RTHK, 2012). This is one of the points that support their inclusion in Hong Kong. As the mainland Chinese was adapted to their habits in China, they cannot change their mind step right after they settled in Hong Kong. It is rude to repel them just because their behaviors are different from us.Moreover, Hong Kong is an international city consisted of people come from different cities or countries. It is the common practice for the Hong Kong citizens to treat people with different race in the same elan to encourage cultural diversification. If we only give remark to the white but detest the mainland Chinese, an image that Hong Kong is not a city that can include all kinds of groups may be created. This may probably change the reputation and discredit the name of travellers paradise of Hong Kong. One of the assertable outcomes is the decrease in amount of travellers and investiture in Hong Kong and this will lead to the decrease in social benefits as well.Furthermore, exclusion of them in Hong Kong will create negative emotions to the society. When there are people blaming the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong, it will usually create war between local Chinese and mainland Chinese. We can easily find posters and articles posted by them to maltreatment each other on the Internet. People supporting each side will also channelise campaigns that dishonor another side and this will aggravate conflict in the society (Ming Pao, 2011). Another negative impact raised by the exclusion is the deadly tragedy of mainland Chinese. When the mainland Chinese cannot settle down right on and are scorned by the Hong Kong people, sadness will accumulate. As there are not generous resources for the assi stance or counseling to the mainland Chinese, they may try to put to work the problem by themselves. The solutions usually include improper behaviors like committing suicide. This kind of negative news does cast a shadow on the society.On the other hand, there are groups that oppose the inclusion of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong. Firstly, they state that the mainland Chinese should respect the unique culture of Hong Kong. For example, some of the citizens think that the main language used by Hong Kong people should be Cantonese. Also, they may think that there are some hidden rules which are sometimes broken by the mainland should be kept up, such as queuing, talking softly in public area, and no consume on the train. If many mainland Chinese enters or settles in Hong Kong, they may influence the original culture of Hong Kong and pass on the society worse as they image.Secondly, Hong Kong is already very crowded that there should not be more people settle down. According to the w orld record, Mongkok is the most crowded place in the world and its median(a) population density is 130 thousands. The public transports and facilities in Hong Kong are also fully used by the local citizens. If more mainland Chinese settle down here, a lot of place in Hong Kong will become more packed and this will create extra demand of the provision of public transportation.Thirdly, the mainland Chinese will use up the limited resources which originally belong to the local citizens. For instance, the medical services provided for the significant woman are limited, as there are limited doctors and bed in the public hospitals. Although the charges of the public medical services for the mainland Chinese are much higher, the mainland Chinese is still willing to give put up in order to enjoy higher service quality and evade the punishment under the one-child policy.Under this circumstance, the doctors will become more stressful and not enough public medical services will be provided to the local women. Some says that, the foreign migrants settled in Hong Kong may also use up the limited resources however, the population of the China is very large compared to other countries (Li Lok, 2012). If we advocate the inclusion of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong, large amount of the mainland will rush to Hong Kong for varied reasons and the situation will be completely different compared to the case of the foreign migrants.We could find different points of view in the society which have already listed above and it is the government responsibility to balance between the opinions of the citizens for or against the inclusion of mainland Chinese.The most important thing necessitate to redeem the reputation of Hong Kong is to help the mainland Chinese overcomes their barriers faced in Hong Kong. To deal with the economic barriers, the government should help the mainland Chinese to find jobs with higher income by promoting their competitiveness. To begin with, the government can allocate more resources to the community centers for them to organize language and practical skill workshops which can enrich the abilities of the mainland Chinese so that they can suck up the local employers. In addition, the government can take the initiative opening up more positions for the mainland Chinese to apply so that the private firms will follow and this will create job opportunity for them.To solve the social barriers, the government can appoint the school to create a better learning environment for the mainland children by adopting small class teaching of the English lesson or making tutorial class for them. This relies on the extra resources given by the government to help the children enjoy the education more effectively. To deal with the cultural barriers the mainland Chinese faced, the government should force them to abolish their bad customs. Specifically, the government should build up more advertisements about the moral standard of Hong Kong citizens which can be broadcast on TV and radio so that the migrated mainland Chinese will be influenced and follow our practices.Not only the mainland Chinese should be educated, but also the local residents should be inculcated about the equality of people with different cultures. As the economist said, good institutions always align self-centeredness with the social interest (Cowen Tabarrok, 2011). It is known that globalization encourages the movement of people from their countries of origin to another places. It will become more common that the mainland Chinese settles in Hong Kong as the relationship between Hong Kong and Chinese become closer.Therefore, it is for the social interest that local citizens should accept the existence of mainland Chinese in Hong Kong so that the conflicts in the society will be pacifyd. To fulfill this social interest, institutions to the public should be introduced. The government should first strengthen the citizenship education about inclusion of mainland Chinese for the primary and secondary school students as they are the pillar of the society. Then, the government should produce more TV programs and large campaigns to change the whole atmosphere of the society. Actually, there are some programs on the TV promoting equally treatment to the mainland Chinese like Southern and northern, one of the episode of the program in RTHK talking about the difficulties faced by the migrated Chinese woman in Hong Kong (RTHK, 2011).As citizens in Hong Kong, we must be aware of the existence of mainland Chinese. There are increasing potential that the China will overtake Hong Kong to become a city with high CGDP. There is also globalization encouraging the inflow of mainland Chinese. Inclusion of mainland Chinese is a must in the 21st century and we should confront to the problem existed to alleviate the conflicts in the society. It is found that there are economic, political, social, cultural and environmental barriers faced by the mainland Chin ese in Hong Kong. There are also increasing discussion on whether we should advocate the inclusion of them. When it comes to the benefits of the public, the government should act as the lubricant between groups with different opinions and create a harmonious atmosphere. In the coming future, it is possible that there is no discrimination against the mainland Chinese and they may become part of the Hong Kong.ReferenceCaritas Hong Kong- Tsuen Wan Community Centre. (1998). The research on the view of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong by the local citizens. Hong Kong Tsuen Wan Community Centre. Chang, D. (2007, 12 14). Tin Shui Wai City of Sadness. Asia Sentinel. Cowen,T., Tabarrok, A. (2011). Modern principle of Economics. Worth Publishers. Hong Kong Government. (1997). The Basic Law. Hong Kong Hong Kong Government. Hong Kong Government. (2007). The recent employment state of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Hong Kong Government. Hong Kong Government. (2012, 9 7). Usual Re sidents Aged 5 and Over by Duration of Residence in Hong Kong, Sex, Nationality and Usual Language, 2011. Retrieved from Population Census 2011 http//www.census2011.gov.hk/en/main-table/F118.html Hospital Authority. (2007). Fees and Charges. Retrieved from Hospital Authority website http//www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10045Lang=ENGDimension=100Parent_ID=10044Ver=HTML Lee,A., Lo, C. (2012, 10 6). MTRs new weight limit aimed at mainland traders. South China Morning Post. Li,C., Lok, A. (2012, 2 3). Hong Kong demonstration against mainland Chinese. period Times. Ming Pao. (2011, 5 5). Little cost but large benefit for the mainland woman to give birth in Hong Kong. Ming Pao. Ming Pao. (2011, 10 23). Pregnant women demonstrate against the mainland children born in Hong Kong. Ming Pao. Ming Pao. (2012, 1 19). the local citiznes and mainland Chinese argue in the public hospital. Ming Pao. New Magazine. (2007). Home in Tin Shui Wai.RTHK. (2011). Southern and North ern.RTHK. (2012, 2 9). The confidence to the Hong Kong citizens of the tolerance to the mainland Chinese. RTHK. Society for Community Organization. (2009). Research on rental problem of bedspace apartment and suite. Hong Kong Society for Community Organization. The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding. (2001). news report of Hong Kong Special Autonomous Region. Retrieved from The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding website http//www.sacu.org/hongkong.html The United Nation. (1976, 5-6). United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II). Retrieved 11 2012, from the United Nations website http//www.un.org/Conferences/habitat/

Identification of Food Constituents Essay Example for Free

Identification of Food Constituents Essay mode ( raiseing for cut down sugars) 1. Add 3cm? of whole milk, by using a pipette or syringe to the test tube. 2. Add 5cm? of Benedicts reagent and place it in the boiling water bath for 8 minutes. Do the same for semi-skimmed milk and skimmed milk. 3. Once all 3 of the test tubes argon left to change in the air, observe the colours. It will be a good idea to set up a range of colour standards from glucose concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% so that you can push the colours observed to these concentrations. 4. A positive result would be from green to yellow to brick-red colour.Method (testing for non-reducing sugars) 5. watch up the same solution as step 1 but this time, adding 3cm? of dilute hydrochloric acid to amend the glycosidic bonds between the monosaccharides. 6. Then add 3cm? of sodium hydroxide solution to neutralise it. 7. Add 5cm? of Benedicts reagent and place it in the water bath for 8 minutes. 8. Once its left to cool, it should now unfreeze brick-red colour. 9. The concentration of a non-reducing sugar can be estimated by first adding a drop of 10% invertase (sucrase) concentrate to 2cm?of the solution to be tested and leaving for 30 minutes at path temperature. The solution is tested for the presence of a reducing sugar. This method is preferable to acid hydrolysis. Method (testing for starch) 10. On apiece of the 3 types of milk, just add a few drops of iodine which is dissolved in grand iodide solution. 11. The sample should change from browny-orange, to a dark, blue-black colour. Method (testing for proteins) 12. Place 2cm? of the three diametrical types of milks on all(prenominal) tube. 13. Then add 2cm? of Biuret reagent and you should see a purple-violet colour developing.The intensity of it is proportional to the protein content. Method (testing for fats) 14. Add 3cm? of the three different types of milk on each test tube and 3cm? of water. 15. Place 1 drop of Sudan collar to each test tube and shake gently to mix. 16. Using a microscope, a slide and a cover slip, identify any emulsion of red fat droplets. 17. Alternatively, you could add a drop of each of the milk on a filter paper and see if in that location is a translucent crap for a positive result. Results table Solution (Milk)TestObservations closeSkimmedBenedictsLime green (lightest)A splendid amount of monosaccharides or reducing sugars present Semi-skimmedBenedictsLime green (lighter)A slight amount of monosaccharides or reducing sugars present WholeBenedictsLime greenA slight amount of monosaccharides or reducing sugars present SkimmedInvertaseYellowish-greenHardly any monosaccharides or reducing sugars present Semi-skimmedInvertaseYellowish-greenHardly any monosaccharides or reducing sugars present WholeInvertaseYellowish-greenHardly any monosaccharides or reducing sugars present SkimmedBiuretViolet purpleProtein present.Semi-skimmedBiuretPurpleLots of protein present WholeBiuretLight p urpleProtein present Conclusion If there were to be a fair amount of monosaccharides to be present all 3 different types of milk, then we would surely see a brick-red precipitate formed when adding the Benedicts reagent. But consort to my range of colour standards from glucose (monosaccharide) concentrations, the lime-green colour given out from each of the 3 milks shows us that it does contain a minor amount of monosaccharides (reducing sugars).Adding a drop of invertase normally should break the glycosidic bonds that are holding the disaccharides unneurotic to form monosaccharides. But my results show that its a yellowish-green colour instead of a brick-red colour by and by adding Benedicts reagent. This shows us that there is hardly any disaccharides present which I thought there would be as lactose, a disaccharide, is mostly present in milks. But this result may ache a different view on that. The fact that all 3 milks turned purple later adding Biuret reagent assures us tha t there is protein present.If there is protein present, that means there is starch present too because starch and proteins are polysaccharides. Evaluation It is noticeable that I havent done the test for starch and fats. This is simply payable to the fact that I run out of time. Using a 5cm? micro syringe would be to a greater extent right than a pipette. When a precipitate is settled, I could have used a ruler to appreciate it out (in mm) instead of just using my eyes. Even better, using colorimeter would have provide accurate measurements on the amount of colour present and therefore, give us an indication of how much of the food constituents were present.

The Relationship Of Text And Music During The Period From The Early Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

The Relationship Of Text And euphony During The Period From The Early Middle Ages EssayIn the middle ages, the music was both sacred and secular. Its kinship to text can be inferred from the overwhelming evidence of the manuscripts. Right from the middle ages, music never failed to surround the meaning of text. The composers of the middle ages were more likely to see the relation among text and music as unitary of abstract architecture, grammatical and syntactic structure,and perhaps even of acoustical properties rather than directly one of meaning.The consanguinity between text and music was non one of measuring, then there was no cerebrate for one kind of music to be appropriate for one kind of text. Since the haggling and the music were not related in any semantic or emotional way, a monophonic dance-song, a polyphonic spring-song based on it, a song of praise or a lament song whitethorn be indistinguishable in musical style. Renaissance describes the development of civilization that marked the transition from mediaval to new-made times.The Renaissance composers used their music to communicate with their audiences. there was a set of shared aural expectations between composers and listeners that governed the relationship between text and music. there was a close relationship between music and poetry and music was capable enough to stir the listeners emotions. Inspired by the classical world, Renaissance composers fit words and music together in an increasingly dramatic fashion which is very much evident in the manuscripts of the Renaissance period.In the Baroque era, music was considered to be a divine art. This idea implied that music was not considered on its merits alone, but a path to divinity. music was understood as a general formula of divine creations. Thus music of the Baroque era related to text as an image, an imitation or an anticipation of the heavenly life or the abode of The Omnipresent. At the end of the Baroque era the rela tionship of the text and music was as meaningful as the relationship of God with mankind.

God bless Essay Example for Free

God bless EssayThe novel WICKED WITCH OF THE double-u by Gregory Maguire focuses upon an evil soul of a witch, the dialog, One never learns how the witch became wicked, or whether that was the right pickax for heris it ever the right choice? p. 231 explains how the wickedness of the witch cannot be truly explained or her personality assessed by the writer, it is up to the reader to decide on a conclusion regarding the motivations behind it. The four travellers Dorothy, Scarecrow cut off Chopper, Cowardly Lions discussion of the rumours about the witch while she herself listens to their talk decides to confront Dorothy future(a) cadence. The writer also writes in detail about the birth of the witch as well as her family background, relating religion with the evil characters. Its people who claim that theyre veracious or anyway better than the rest of us, that you induce to be wary of. (Maguire p. 357). The readers are being warned about the different natures of the char acters in the end the domination of safe against evil by stating, In the life of a Witch, there is no subsequently, in the ever after of a Witch there is no happily in the story of a Witch, there is no afterward. (Maguire P. 406)Thesis In this society when we encounter evil, it is not only due to persons give birth act but whole of the society is involved in the evil act. Every person has something good and bad in his character but sometimes society creates circumstances that a person is forced to become evil. Body 1 Plot This story begins with the birth of Elphaba the daughter of Frex and Melena, Melena was alone at the time when she give birth to Elphaba, as despite of being with his wife at the birth of their get-go child Frex had traveled to preach, specifically, the Clock of the Time Dragon.Melena give the birth to the daughter with green skin colour which was very odd, for many years they hide this secret but when Elphaba grown up she was sent to the schools and colle ge. Galinda was Elphaba first roommate but Galinda always ignore her, later on they become friends Galinda was working with Dr Dillamond, he was killed in this story from this point the sad part starts, Elphaba blame Madame Morrible and her robot-like assistant, Grommeti.But later on Fiyero comes into Elphaba lifes he, as she was alone they both had the affair but after few time he matter that Elphaba has murdered Madame Morrible, Fiyero was as well killed, and later on she was known as the witch of town as she did not fights against rumors about her and at last she died because of bucket of water which was throw on her to save her from fire. The funeral was modest, a rage-her-and-shove-her affair (Maguire, p 154)The main character of this novel is Elphaba, an individual who was born with distinct features personality. The appearance is mocked by others living around her, A green child will be an open invitation for scorn and abuse. (Maguire P. 48). The provoke feature is the t ransformation of this person from a naive girl to the one seeking revenge therefrom attains the nickname WICKED WITCH OF THE WEST thanks to her malevolence.However this is justified by the extreme love the suffering in result she feels for her family friends. Another character Dorothy a young innocent girl, along with her escorts Scarecrow, nick Chopper, Cowardly Lion is the opponent of the witch, but loved by the other people. She is also responsible for the witchs death in the end of the novel.

Threats To Forests. A conifer forest in the Swiss Alps Essay Example for Free

Threats To Forests. A conifer woodland in the Swiss Alps EssayMixed broad-leafed plant in Stara Planina, SerbiaA wood, likewise referred to as a wood or the woods, is an commonswealth with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending on various cultural definitions, what is considered a timber may vary squarely in size and gravel variant classifications according to how and what of the quality is imperturbable. These plant communities secrecy approximately 9.4 sh atomic number 18 of the Earths surface (or 30 percent of get land sector), though they once covered much to a greater extent (about 50 percent of total land argona), in numerous different regions and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic devolve modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the nigh of the essence(p) aspects of the biosphere. Although timbers are classified primarily by trees, the concept of a quality ecosystem includes additional species (such as smaller p lants, fungi, bacteria, and animals) as well as physical and chemical processes such as energy flow and alimental cycling.A typical wood is still of the overstory ( disregardopy or upper tree layer) and the understory. The understory is further subdivided into the crotch hair layer, herb layer, and in any case the moss layer and soil microbes. In few hard woodlands, there is as well a well-defined lower tree layer. Forests are central to all human life because they provide a diverse range of resources they store carbon, aid in regulating the planetary climate, purify water and alleviate natural hazards such as floods. Forests also run roughly 90 percent of the worlds terrestrial biodiversity. circumscribe * 1 Etymology * 2 Distri entirelyion * 3 Classification * 3.1 TemperateA typical woods is composed of the overstory (canopy or upper tree layer) and the understory. The understory is further subdivided into the shrub layer, herb layer, and also the moss layer and soil microbes. In some complex woodlands, there is also a well-defined lower tree layer. Forests are central to all human life because they provide a diverse range of resources they store carbon, aid in regulating the planetary climate, purify water and mitigate natural hazards such as floods. Forests also contain roughly 90 percent of the worlds terrestrial biodiversity.EtymologyThe countersignature tone comes from Middle English forest, from Old french forest (also fors) forest, vast expanse covered by trees first introduced in English as the term for wild land set aside for hunting without the necessity in definition for the existence of trees (James 1981Muir 2000,2008). mayhap a borrowing (probably via Frankish or Old High German) of the Medieval Latin word foresta pass on wood, foresta was first used by Carolingian scribes in the Capitularies of Charlemagne to refer specifically to the kings royal hunting institutes. The line was non endemic to Romance languages (e.g. native words for forest in the Romance languages evolved out of the Latin word silva forest, wood (English sylvan) cf. Italian, Spanish, Portuguese selva Romanian silv Old French selve) and cognates in Romance languages, such as Italian foresta, Spanish and Portuguese floresta, etcetera are all at last borrowings of the French word. The exact origin of Medieval Latin foresta is obscure. Some authorities claim the word derives from the latterly Latin phrase forestam silvam, meaning the outer wood former(a)(a)s claim the term is a latinisation of the Frankish word *forhist forest, wooded country, assimilated to forestam silvam (a common practise among Frankish scribes). Frankish *forhist is attested by Old High German forst forest, Middle Low German vorst forest, Old English fyrh forest, woodland, game preserve, hunting ground, and Old Norse fri coniferous forest, all of which derive from Proto-Germanic *fursa-, *furja- a fir-wood, coniferous forest, from Proto-Indo-European *perkwu- a coniferous or mountain forest, wooded h eighter. Uses of the word forest in English to denote any uninhabited area of non-enclosure are now considered archaic. The word was introduced by the Norman rulers of England as a legal term (appearing in Latin texts like the Magna Carta) denoting an uncultivated area legally set aside for hunting by feudalistic nobility (see Royal Forest). These hunting forests were not necessarily wooded much, if at all. However, as hunting forests did oftentimes include considerable areas of woodland, the word forest eventually came to mean wooded land more chiefly. By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared inEnglish texts, indicating all three senses the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage. Forest near Rajgir, Bihar, IndiaOther hurt used to mean an area with a high density of trees are wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith and firth. Unlike forest, these are all derived from Old English and were not borrowed from an other language. Some classifications now reserve the term woodland for an area with more centripetal musculus quadriceps femoris amidst trees and distinguish among woodlands, open forests, and closed forests tie-upd on crown cover. DistributionAmazon pelting forest in BrazilTemperate rainforest in Tasmanias Hellyer GorgeForests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree line, except where natural fire frequence or other disturbance is too high, or where the environment has been altered by human activity. The latitudes 10 north and south of the Equator are mostly covered in tropical rainforest, and the latitudes amidst 53N and 67N have boreal forest. As a general rule, forests dominated by angiosperms (broadleaf forests) are more species-rich than those dominated by gymnosperms (conifer, montane, or needleleaf forests), although exceptions exist. Forests sometimes contain some tree species only at bottom a small area (as in tr opical rain and temperate broad-leaved forests), or comparatively fewer species over large areas (e.g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests). Forests are often home to many a(prenominal) animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to other vegetation communities. a lot of this biomass sinks at a lower place ground in the root systems and as partially decomposed plant detritus. The woody component of a forest contains lignin, which is relatively slow to decompose compared with other organic materials such as cellulose or carbohydrate. Forests are differentiated from woodlands by the extent of canopy coverage in a forest, the branches and the foliage of separate trees often meet or interlock, although there can be gaps of varying sizes inwardly an area referred to as forest. A woodland has a more day-and-nightly open canopy, with trees spaced farther apart, which allows more sunlight to penetrate to the ground between them (also see savanna). Am ong the major forested biomes are* rain forest (tropical and temperate)* taiga* temperate hardwood forest* tropical juice slight forestClassificationBiogradska forest in MontenegroSpiny forest at Ifaty, Madagascar, featuring various Adansonia (baobab) species, Alluaudia procera (Madagascar ocotillo) and other vegetationEven, dense old-growth stand of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) prepared to be regenerated by their saplings in the understory, in the capital of Belgium part of the Sonian Forest.Trees on a mountain in northern Utah during early autumn.Forests can be classified in different ways and to different degrees of specificity. One such way is in terms of the biome in which they exist, combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are semi-evergreen or deciduous). Another banknote is whether the forests are composed predominantly of broadleaf trees, coniferous (needle-leaved) trees, or fuse. * Boreal forests occupy the subarctic regularise and are gene rally evergreen and coniferous. * Temperate partitions support both broadleaf deciduous forests (e.g., temperate deciduous forest) and evergreen coniferous forests (e.g., temperate coniferous forests and temperate rainforests).Warm temperate zones support broadleaf evergreen forests, including laurel forests. * Tropical and subtropical forests include tropical and subtropical wet forests, tropical and subtropical dry forests, and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests. * Physiognomy classifies forests based on their overall physical structure or findmental stage (e.g. old growth vs. second growth). * Forests can also be classified more specifically based on the climate and the dominant tree species present, resulting in numerous different forest types (e.g., ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest). A number of globose forest classification systems have been proposed, but none has gained universal acceptance. UNEP-WCMCs forest category classification system is a simplification of other more complex systems (e.g. UNESCOs forest and woodland subformations). This system divides the worlds forests into 26 major types, which reflect climatic zones as well as the principal types of trees. These 26 major types can be reclassified into 6 broader categories temperate needleleaf temperate broadleaf and manifold tropical moist tropical dry sparse trees and parkland and forest groves. Each category is draw as a separate section below. Temperate needleleafTemperate needleleaf forests mostly occupy the higher latitude regions of the northern hemisphere, as well as high altitude zones and some warm temperate areas, oddly on nutrient-poor or otherwise unfavourable soils. These forests are composed entirely, or nearly so, of coniferous species (Coniferophyta). In the Northern Hemisphere pines Pinus, spruces Picea, larches Larix, silver firs Abies, Douglas firs Pseudotsuga and hemlocks Tsuga, make up the canopy, but other taxa are also important. In the Southern Hemisphe re, most coniferous trees (members of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae) occur in concoctions with broadleaf species that are classed as broadleaf and mixed forests. Temperate broadleaf and mixedTemperate broadleaf and mixed forests include a substantial component of trees in the Anthophyta. They are generally characteristic of the warmer temperate latitudes, but exceed to cool temperate ones, particularly in the Confederate hemisphere. They include such forest types as the mixed deciduous forests of the United States and their counterparts in mainland China and Japan, the broadleaf evergreen rainforests of Japan, Chile and Tasmania, the sclerophyllous forests of Australia, central Chile, the Mediterranean and atomic number 20, and the southern beech Nothofagus forests of Chile and New Zealand. Tropical moistThere are many different types of tropical moist forests,although most extensive are the lowland evergreen broadleaf rainforests, for example vrzea and igap forests and th e terra firma forests of the Amazon Basin the peat sop forests, dipterocarp forests of Southeast Asia and the high forests of the Congo Basin. Forests located on mountains are also included in this category, divided largely into upper and lower montane formations on the basis of the pas seul of physiognomy corresponding to changes in altitude. Tropical dryTropical dry forests are characteristic of areas in the tropics affected by seasonal drought. The seasonality of rainfall is usually reflected in the deciduousness of the forest canopy, with most trees world leafless for several months of the year. However, under some conditions, e.g. less fertile soils or less predictable drought regimes, the proportion of evergreen species increases and the forests are characterised as sclerophyllous. Thorn forest, a dense forest of low peak with a high relative frequency of thorny or spiny species, is found where drought is prolonged, and especially where skimming animals are plentiful. O n very poor soils, and especially where fire is a recurrent phenomenon, woody savannas develop (see sparse trees and parkland). tenuous trees and parklandTaiga forest near Saranpaul in the northeast Ural Mountains, KhantyMansia, Russia. Trees include Picea obovata (dominant on right bank), Larix sibirica, Pinus sibirica, and Betula pendula. Sparse trees and parkland are forests with open canopies of 10-30% crown cover. They occur principally in areas of transition from forested to non-forested landscapes. The two major zones in which these ecosystems occur are in the boreal region and in the seasonally dry tropics. At high latitudes, north of the main zone of boreal forest or taiga, growing conditions are not adequate to maintain a continuous closed forest cover, so tree cover is both sparse and discontinuous. This vegetation is variously called open taiga, open lichen woodland, and forest tundra. It is species-poor, has high bryophyte cover, and is frequently affected by fire. For est plantationsForest plantations, generally intended for the production of timber and pulpwood increase the total area of forest worldwide. Commonly mono-specific and/or composed of introduced tree species, these ecosystems are not generally important as habitat for native biodiversity. However, they can be managed in ways that enhance their biodiversity protection functions and they are important providers of ecosystem services such as maintaining nutrient capital, protecting watersheds and soil structure as well as storing carbon. They may also play an important role in alleviating pressure on natural forests for timber and fuelwood production. Forest categoriesA temperate deciduous broadleaf forest, the Hasenholz, southeast of Kirchheim unter Teck, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany redwoods in old growth forest in Muir Woods National Monument, Marin County, California 28 forest categories are used to enable the translation of forest types from national and regional classification syste ms to a harmonised global one.Temperate and boreal forest types1. Evergreen needleleaf forest inhering forest with 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is predominantly ( 75%) needleleaf and evergreen.2. Deciduous needleleaf forests Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is predominantly ( 75%) needleleaf and deciduous.3. Mixed broadleaf/needleleaf forest Natural forest with 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is composed of a more or less even mixture of needleleaf and broadleaf crowns (between 5050% and 2575%).4. Broadleaf evergreen forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, the canopy being 75% evergreen and broadleaf.5. Deciduous broadleaf forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, in which 75% of the canopy is deciduous and broadleaves prevailing ( 75% of canopy cover).6. freshwater swamp forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, composed of trees with any mixture of leaf type and seasonality, but in which the predominant enviro nmental characteristic is a waterlogged soil.7. Sclerophyllous dry forest Natural forest with 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is generally composed of sclerophyllous broadleaves and is 75% evergreen.8. Disturbed natural forest Any forest type above that has in its interior significant areas of disturbance by people, including clearing, felling for wood extraction, anthropogenic fires, road construction, etc.9. Sparse trees and parkland Natural forests in which the tree canopy cover is between 10-30%, such as in the steppe regions of the world. Trees of any type (e.g., needleleaf, broadleaf,palms).10. Exotic species plantation Intensively managed forests with 30% canopy cover, which have been position by people with species not naturally occurring in that country.11. Native species plantation Intensively managed forests with 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species that occur naturally in that country.12. *Unspecified forest plantation Forest plantations exhibit extent only with no further randomness about their type, This data currently only refers to the Ukraine.13. *Unclassified forest data Forest data showing forest extent only with no further information about their type. Those marked * have been created as a result of data holdings which do not specify the forest type, hence 26 categories are quoted, not 28 shown here. Tropical forest typesThe Fatu Hiva rainforest in Polynesia.1. Lowland evergreen broadleaf rain forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude that display little or no seasonality, the canopy being 75% evergreen broadleaf.2. Lower montane forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, between 12001800 m altitude, with any seasonality regime and leaf type mixture.3. Upper montane forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, above 1,800 m (5,906 ft) altitude, with any seasonality regime and leaf type mixture.4. Freshwater swamp forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude, composed of trees with any mixture of leaf type and seasonality, but in which the predominant environmental characteristic is a waterlogged soil.5. Semi-evergreen moist broadleaf forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude in which between 50-75% of the canopy is evergreen, 75% are broadleaves, and the trees display seasonality of flowering and fruiting.6. Mixed broadleaf/needleleaf forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude, in which the canopy is composed of a more or less even mixture of needleleaf and broadleaf crowns (between 5050% and 2575%).7. Needleleaf forest Natural forest with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude, in which the canopy is predominantly ( 75%) needleleaf.8. Mangroves Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, composed of speciesof mangrove tree, generally along coasts in or near brackish or seawater.9. Disturbed natur al forest Any forest type above that has in its interior significant areas of disturbance by people, including clearing, felling for wood extraction, anthropogenic fires, road construction, etc.10. Deciduous/semi-deciduous broadleaf forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude in which between 50-100% of the canopy is deciduous and broadleaves predominate ( 75% of canopy cover).11. Sclerophyllous dry forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude, in which the canopy is mainly composed of sclerophyllous broadleaves and is 75% evergreen.12. Thorn forest Natural forests with 30% canopy cover, below 1,200 m (3,937 ft) altitude, in which the canopy is mainly composed of deciduous trees with thorns and succulent phanerophytes with thorns may be frequent.13. Sparse trees and parkland Natural forests in which the tree canopy cover is between 10-30%, such as in the savannah regions of the world. Trees of any type ( e.g., needleleaf, broadleaf, palms).14. Exotic species plantation Intensively managed forests with 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species not naturally occurring in that country.15. Native species plantation Intensively managed forests with 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species that occur naturally in that country. Forest loss and wayMain articles Forestry, Logging and DeforestationCoastal Douglas fir woodland in northwest OregonRedwood tree in northern California redwood forest, where many redwood trees are managed for preservation and longevity, sort of than being harvested for wood production The scientific study of forest species and their interaction with the environment is referred to as forest ecology, while the management of forests is often referred to as forestry. Forest management has changed considerably over the last few centuries, with rapid changes from the 1980s onwards culminating in a practice now referred to as sustainable forest management.Forest ecologists concentrate on forest patterns and processes, usually with the aim of elucidating cause and effect relationships. Foresters who practice sustainable forest management focus on the integration of ecological, social and economic values, often in citation with local communities and other stakeholders. Anthropogenic factors that can affect forests include logging, urban sprawl, human-caused forest fires, acid rain, invasive species, and the slash and burn practices of swidden agriculture or shifting cultivation. The loss and re-growth of forest leads to a distinction between two broad types of forest, primary or old-growth forest and secondary forest. There are also many natural factors that can cause changes in forests over time including forest fires, insects, diseases, weather, competition between species, etc.In 1997, the World Resources Institute recorded that only 20% of the worlds original forests remained in large inbuilt tracts of undisturbed forest. More than 75% of these intact forests lie in three countries the Boreal forests of Russia and Canada and the rainforest of Brazil. In 2006 this information on intact forests was updated using latest available satellite imagery. Canada has about 4,020,000 square kilometres (1,550,000 sq mi) of forest land. More than 90% of forest land is publicly owned and about 50% of the total forest area is allocated for harvesting. These allocated areas are managed using the principles of sustainable forest management, which includes extensive consultation with local stakeholders. About eight percent of Canadas forest is legally protected from resource development (Global Forest Watch Canada)(Natural Resources Canada).Much more forest land about 40 percent of the total forest land base is subject to varying degrees of protection through processes such as integrated land use be after or defined management areas such as certified forests (Natural Resources Canada) . These single-valued functions represent only virgin forest lost. Some regrowth has occurred but not to the age, size or extent of 1620 due to population increases and food cultivation. From William B. Greeleys, The proportion of Geography to Timber Supply, Economic Geography, 1925, vol. 1, p. 1-11. Source of Today map compiled by George Draffan from roadless area map in The Big Outside A Descriptive Inventory of the Big Wilderness Areas of the United States, by Dave Foreman and Howie Wolke (Harmony Books, 1992). By December 2006, over 1,237,000 square kilometers of forest land in Canada (about half(prenominal) the global total) had been certified as being sustainably managed (Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition). Clear stabbing, first used in the latter half of the 20th century, is less expensive, but devastating to the environment and companies are required by law to run across that harvested areas are adequately regenerated. Most Canadian provinces have reg ulations limiting the size of clearcuts, although some older clearcuts can range upwards of 110 square kilometres (27,000 acres) in size which were cut over several years. China instituted a ban on logging, beginning in 1998, due to the destruction caused by clearcutting. Selective cutting avoids the erosion, and flooding, that result from clearcutting. In the United States, most forests have historically been affected by humans to some degree, though in recent years improved forestry practices has helped regulate or moderate large scale leaf or severe impacts.However, the United States Forest Service estimates a net loss of about 2 million hectares (4,942,000 acres) between 1997 and 2020 this estimate includes conversion of forest land to other uses, including urban and suburban development, as well as afforestation and natural reversion of abandoned crop and pasture land to forest. However, in many areas of the United States, the area of forest is stable or increasing, particular ly in many northern states. The diametrical problem from flooding has plagued national forests, with loggers complaining that a lack of thinning and proper forest management has resulted in large forest fires. Old-growth forest contains mainly natural patterns of biodiversity in established seral patterns, and they contain mainly species native to the region and habitat.The natural formations and processes have not been affected by humans with a frequency or intensity to change the natural structure and components of the habitat. Secondary forest contains significant elements of species which were originally from other regions or habitats. Smaller areas of woodland in cities may be managed as Urban forestry, sometimes within public parks. These are often created for human benefits Attention Restoration Theory argues that spending time in nature reduces stress and improves health, while forest schools and kindergartens help young people to develop social as well as scientific skills in forests. These typically need to be close to where the children live, for practical logistics.